Zambia-Norway forge project links

NORWAY has added a new dimension to its development cooperation with Zambia by helping the southern African country in developing the potential of petroleum. Landlocked Zambia is exploring for oil and gas in Eastern, North Western and Western provinces of the country. Zambia’s minister of mines, Kalombo Mwansa, says the results of the microbial analysis of samples collected from the three provinces have been encouraging.

In view of the expected boom of the oil and gas industry, the Norwegian government is helping Zambia with preparatory work, which includes the repeal and replacement of the Petroleum (Exploration and Product) Act of 1985 to provide for two separate licences for prospecting and for production of oil and gas. Norwegian ambassador to Zambia, Tore Gjos has said the repeal and replacement of the Act would also provide for stronger legal provisions on environmental protection.

Mr. Gjos described the on-going consultancy his country is offering Zambia as “oil for development” saying it is a programme whose purpose is to make oil resources a blessing and not a curse. He berated the failure of developing countries to utilise petroleum to the maximum, citing Nigeria, one of the leading producers of oil, which has remained poor. He said preparatory work for Zambia involved strengthening the country’s institutional framework for regulating the oil and gas industry.

Under this cooperation, Norway is helping Zambia in the areas of financial management, environmental sustainability and technology and technical issues. Recently, the Norwegian and British government helped Zambia reform its mining tax to help the benefit more from its lucrative minerals. “We have been working with the government on the tax reform of the mining sector in order for Zambia to retain more of her mineral wealth for the benefit of the whole population,” Mr Gjos said.

Norway encouraged the Zambian government to engage mining companies with whom it had development agreements, as part of the process of introducing the new tax regime which came into force on April 1, this year. Norway helped Zambia with finances to get independent technical and legal advice on negotiating mining development agreements.

The new fiscal regime for the mining sector includes a 30 percent corporate tax, a new mineral royalty tax on base metals at three percent of the monthly average London Metal Exchange (LME) cash price per metric tonne multiplied by the quantity of the metal or recoverable metal sold from 0.6 per cent.

Company tax has gone up from 25 to 30 per cent while Government has also introduced a 15 per cent variable profit tax on taxable income, which is above eight per cent of the gross income and a windfall tax to be triggered at different price levels for different base metals.

For copper, the windfall tax has been pegged at 25 percent at the copper price of US$2.50 per pound but below US$3.00 per pound, 50 percent at price for the next 50 cents increase and a 75 per cent for the price above US$3.50 per pound.

Government expects to earn US$415 million additional tax revenue this year from the mining sector, which would create higher liquidity in the economy and help the local currency, the kwacha to appreciate further against major international currencies. Mr Gjos said the revenue would also provide more prospects for the development of infrastructure that would create extra opportunities for economic expansion.

Treasury data shows that Zambia in 2007 only got US$142 million from US$4.7 billion in copper and cobalt exports by foreign owners of its vast copper and cobalt mines. This is despite a 400 percent increase in global metals prices in the past seven years.

President Levy Mwanawasa announced on January 11 when he opened the second session of the 10th national assembly that government had decided to introduce windfall tax on copper and raised mineral royalty to ensure Zambia’s maximum benefit from mineral resources. The new tax regime has already started paying dividends with the Zambia Revenue Authority collecting K29.7 billion in mineral royalties following the introduction of the new fiscal regime for the mining sector this year. This is up from an average of K5.2 billion that the mining companies contributed per month in 2007.

Zambia and Norway’s development cooperation goes back more than 40 years. Zambia has been one of the largest partners of Norway for many years Norway now, however, channels most of the financial support through the Zambian budget as budget support and has selective support to democratic governance institutions covering areas like anti-corruption, the auditor-general’s and the judiciary.

Norway has supported Zambia in infrastructure development like hydropower, roads and water supply.

Norway has been a large supporter in the education, agriculture and wildlife sectors in the south Luangwa national park and the Kafue national park.

http://bistandsaktuelt.typepad.com/blade/2008/06/by-benedict-tembo----lusaka-norway-has-added-a-new-dimension-to-its-development-cooperation-with-zambia-by-helping-the-so.html

Hippo therapy - Zambia

It's not every day a hippo wakes you with its noisy chewing or an elephant threatens to mow you down. But then a Zambian safari on foot is not exactly your average walk in the park

THE elephant, standing alone on the far side of a dry water hole, seems benign enough. If she sees the red mist she'll have to cover a lot of ground to reach us, and even if she does decide to charge, she looks, to the untutored eye, cumbersome enough to dodge.

To the trained eye, however, it is time to retreat discreetly into the bush. Our guide, New Zealander Bryan Jackson, has picked up the danger signals – the first flap of the ears, then a lumbering pace forward.

"Come on, come on," he whispers urgently. We don't hesitate. It has been drummed into us, on this walking safari in Zambia's vast South Luangwa National Park, that such instructions must be obeyed instantly.

Batewell, our accompanying scout, is carrying a .375 calibre hunting rifle, but he will only fire it as a last resort and will aim to kill only if a warning shot has failed. In any case, we are not keen to test its efficacy. If the elephant comes on regardless, we could still be in trouble. "They can turn on a sixpence. She'd have you," says Jackson.

In the open vehicles most commonly used on safari, you are, to some extent, insulated from the surrounding wilderness. On foot you are exposed to it, with no engine noise to drown the sounds of the bush. It's not that you get any closer to the wildlife but, as just another bunch of creatures moving slowly across the landscape, you become part of their environment. There is a need for constant vigilance but, such is the expertise of Jackson and his colleagues, a faint feeling of vulnerability, probably advisable as a guard against complacency, never gives way to anxiety.

We have been walking between and around three camps run by Remote Africa Safaris, which also does conventional game drives. The company is aptly named. At its main base, Tafika, the remoteness is immediately palpable. At its two smaller camps, Crocodile River and Chikoko, the feeling is intensified, as they are accessible only on foot.

Tafika is an hour's flight by turboprop from the Zambian capital, Lusaka, to the small town of Mfuwe, followed by a two-hour drive on dirt roads. Lying by the wide Luangwa River, Tafika is home to the densest hippo population in Africa, and from one vantage point alone I see 36. One comes up the bank in the night, to chew the cud noisily by our hut.

All three camps, where accommodation is comfortable without removing the sense of adventure, have to be largely rebuilt after each rainy season, when the grass thatch and maize stalks used for roofs and walls become sodden and insect-infested. The food – Tafika has a magnificent garden in which a rich variety of fruit and vegetables are grown – is outstanding.

Days begin early – at 6am – with breakfast eaten around a fire if temperatures are low, and by 7.15am you set off on the morning walk. Itineraries vary according to the guests' fitness and enthusiasm, but we are out for five hours at a stretch and the ground, often comprising sun-baked mud pitted with elephant prints, can be difficult.

However, there are plenty of stops to look at plants and trees, watch lovebirds thronging between shrubs in green and crimson clouds, or lilac-breasted rollers performing aerobatics. One day another guide, South African Greg Patrick, calls our attention to a tiny scops owlet, perfectly camouflaged among leaves and branches. It takes me probably five minutes of concentrated peering through binoculars to locate what he has spotted with the naked eye.

The main break is in the mid-morning, at the edge of a lagoon. Moffat, whom survival expert Ray Mears would love, brings up the rear of the group with tea-making equipment. He makes fire by revolving a stick from a large-leaved skunk bush in a hole chiselled from a piece of Natal mahogany until it is hot enough to set a dry crumbling of elephant dung smouldering.

While we wait for the water to boil, we watch a pied kingfisher dive like an arrow into the lagoon. A crocodile snaps up a spur-winged goose and slides off with it, the bird's feather still visible above the surface. One morning we watch an airborne army of yellow-billed storks arriving in seemingly inexhaustible numbers to scoop up fish and fly back with them to feed their young at an extraordinary breeding colony in trees that are snow-white with droppings.

We learn that it is not just animals that can be dangerous. Don't linger under the sausage tree (Kigelia africana), we are warned. Its fruit, from whose shape it gets its name, is used to make a form of beer, but since it weights up to ten kilos it delivers a much bigger punch if it drops on your head.

Lunch is followed by a siesta, with time to read or doze. At Chikoko, where we sleep in tree houses by a creek, the temptation is to take advantage of the elevation and scan the bush. After more tea, in the late afternoon, there is a second walk.

This is the most stunning time of day. The long light catches a herd of leaping impala. Dry earth and dull scrub take on pastel shades. It's easy to imagine predators shaking off the coils of sleep and stretching in anticipation of the hunt. And if you strike lucky, you may not even need to exercise the imagination.

As we return to Chikoko one evening at dusk, Batewell spots three lionesses barring our route back to camp. When Patrick says he isn't sure what to do, my wife tenses, thinking he is worried about our safety, but he means he doesn't know how we can get a closer look. After pondering tactics, he whispers to us to walk quietly, crouching below the line of a dry lagoon bank, until we are only 50 metres or so away.

They look us up and down and then, as if deciding disdainfully that we will make a poor dinner, stalk off deliberately into the gathering gloom. We are privileged to watch them only briefly, perhaps for less than a minute, but in the mental file of experiences it seems much longer.

http://scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com/spectrum/Hippo-therapy--Zambia.4207182.jp

NORTH LUANGWA NATIONAL PARK

This remote tract of land covering 4636 square kilometres offers one of the finest wilderness experiences in Zambia, if not Africa itself. It is not open to the public and there are no permanent lodges there. Access is with one of the few safari operators granted permission to conduct walking safaris there.

The beauty of visiting this park is the truly remarkable opportunities to experience Africa as it was. It is wild and untouched and you are simply an unobtrusive witness to its natural beauty and drama.

Although declared a wilderness area, the North Park, was not open to anyone other than Game Department rangers for more than thirty years. In 1984, Major John Harvey and his wife Lorna sought permission to conduct walking safaris in the area and for many years were the only operators in this remote wilderness.

Then in 1989, Two scientists, Mark and Delia Owens, famed for their book ‘Cry of the Kalahari’, were granted permission to set up a research station in the park. Through their influence and as a means of helping to curb poaching in the area, the authorities allowed entry to the park to a few more safari operators who bring limited numbers into the park for guided walking safaris and game drives. Their efforts in the North Luangwa are documented in their book ‘Survivors Song / The Eye of the Elephant’.

There are very few roads and you’re unlikely to see any other visitors for the duration of your trip.

Like the South Park, it lies on the western bank of the Luangwa River bordered on the other side by the dramatic Muchinga escarpment which rises over 1000 meters from the valley floor. Its hazy outline can clearly be seen from the Luangwa river.

There are a number of tributary rivers running through the park and into the Luangwa which play an important ecological role in the Area. The crystal clear Mwaleshi River trickles down the escarpment in a series of small waterfalls. It recedes in the dry season, leaving many pools along the way, drawing the animals from the bush to its banks in search of water. No game drives are permitted in the Mwaleshi area, access is by organised walking safaris only.

Vegetation ranges from mopane woodland to riverine forest, open grasslands and acacia thicket, the beautiful sausage trees, vegetable ivory palms, red mahogany and leadwood.

What to See

The park is noted for its massive herds of buffalo, a spectacular sight if they’re seen on the run, kicking up dust for miles behind them. Large prides of lion inhabit the territory and it is not uncommon to witness a kill. Other common mammals are hyaena, Cookson’s wildebeest, bushbuck, zebra, warthog, baboon, vervet monkey, puku and impala. Elephant and leopard are also seen, but not as frequently as in the South Park. You are more likely to see hartebeest, reedbuck and eland here, however. All the birds in the South have been recorded here as well. Sighted regularly are the crowned cranes, purple crested loeries, broad billed roller, Lilian’s lovebird, the carmine bee-eater, giant eagle owl and Pel’s fishing owl. Occasionally seen are the bathawk, black coucal and osprey.

Getting There

Although this park was officially opened to the public in 1984, the infrastructure in and to the park is not sufficiently developed to cater for the independent traveller. Special permission to enter it must be obtained from the Dept of National Parks and Wildlife Services in Chilanga or Mpika. This is not advisable due to its remoteness should anything go wrong with your vehicle. The best way to experience this park is with one of the operators running safaris here. One can fly in to either Mfuwe International Airport, about four hours away and be picked up, or be brought in from the Mpika side of the escarpment. There are two airstrips that are open for charter traffic.

Where to stay

There are no lodges open to the public in the North Park but several operators run prebooked, organised safaris there.

Shiwa Safaris have two bush camps and their safaris begin at the Shiwa Ngandu estate over the western side of the escarpment.

Zambia's smallest owner-operated camp, Kutandala Camp catering for only six guests on each safari. All the rooms have an unrestricted view of the Mwaleshi River and its flood plain throughout the day.

Mwaleshi Camp situated on a scenic bend of the Mwaleshi River, a beautiful river within the North Luangwa National Park. It comprises of 3 attractive reed chalets, each with stunning views over the river. Game viewing is on foot, in a remote area renowned for its lion, huge herds of buffalo and endemic Cookson’s wildebeest.

When to go

Operators in this region conduct safaris in the dry season from June to October when animal sightings are at their peak. Access in the wet season is virtually impossible.

http://www.zambiatourism.com/travel/nationalparks/nluangwa.htm

Wildlife Conservation 20 Feet Away

You know how after you have been somewhere for a while, it begins to feel comfortable and you begin to feel like you can become part of it’s day-to-day fabric? After nearly 2 weeks in Zambia, it’s beginning to feel like that. It certainly helps that Zambia is a beautiful country with very generous and friendly citizens.

My IBD team and I have been lucky to have had the chance to start our experience with an amazing half-week of safaris in the South Luangwa National Park using the services of a bushcamp called Flatdogs. The bushcamp staff was very, very friendly, professional and seemed to love their jobs at the bushcamp.

I think I might love my job if I got to wake up every day wondering whether there were any hippos, elephants or lions roaming the grounds of the bushcamp the night before (or even during the day, which happened while we were there). I can see myself getting used to that very quickly. After a couple of days there, I started to feel like it was my home in Zambia and I didn’t want to leave.

But back to the safaris: there are very few more pristine experiences I can imagine than going into a national park like this one. There is very little evidence of human presence there. In fact, human presence is mostly only found in 4-hour blocks of time: once in the morning and once in the evening when (walking or driving) safaris take place in the park.

Outside of those hours, visitors are kindly welcomed outside the park. In the park, there are no bathrooms, no garbage cans, no convenience stands, nothing for human comfort. All this takes some adjusting to if you come from a western country but as a result, the wildlife in the park is nearly undisturbed.

Luckily for us, the animals in the park do not have a strong memory of being poached, which means safari vehicles can get pretty close to them and they won’t hide back in the thick bush. In Zambia’s recent history, widespread illegal poaching has devastated wildlife populations in many areas.

But Zambia has done a fantastic job of making wildlife conservation a top priority and now enjoys a steady recovery from illegal hunting and poaching activities. I’m not sure when again I will get to see an elephant and its baby eating the trees from 30 feet away, or a lion laying unconcerned of our presence only 20 feet from our vehicle, or the large, awkward-looking but magnificent giraffe running as if it was doing so in slow motion…and seeing a pack of hyenas tear a waterbuck to pieces in front of some very angry, hardworking lions who had done the work of capturing and killing the prey is an exhilarating experience impossible to describe.

Our International Business Development (IBD) team from Haas is in Zambia to work with the WCS-funded COMACO model. COMACO stands for Community Markets for Conservation. It is a group of trading centers located in three different towns in the Eastern Province of Zambia that promote wildlife conservation and alleviation of rural poverty by providing trade incentives to farmers who engage in conservation farming. COMACO is doing amazing work. Our job is to help them improve their organization by doing an annual check-up of their operations. Had we not visited South Luangwa National Park and seen the amazing wildlife we saw up close and personal, we would not have seen with our own eyes the importance of wildlife conservation. Now it is knowledge that cannot be taken away from us.

http://globalinitiatives.wordpress.com/2008/05/31/wildlife-conservation-20-feet-away/